August 11, 2005 IBM ThinkPad R50, R50p, R51 (M/T 1829, 1830, 1831 and 1836) IBM ThinkPad T40, T40p, T41, T41p, T42, T42p ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility BIOS Version 3.17 (1RETDLWW) ====================================================================== Notice: ------- (For ThinkPad R51 users:) - This package is for Machine Type 1829, 1830, 1831 and 1836 of ThinkPad R51. For the other machine types of ThinkPad R51, please get the package for them. (For all users:) - This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). Please obtain the additional package, Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher), and update Embedded Controller Program in the system with it. - If you need to update Embedded Controller Program as well as the BIOS, update BIOS first. - This program is language independent and can be used with any language system. What This Package Does ---------------------- This ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility updates the BIOS (system program) stored in the ThinkPad system to fix problems, add new functions, or expand functions as noted below. This release supports the following systems: - ThinkPad R50, R50p - ThinkPad R51 (M/T 1829, 1830, 1831 and 1836)(*1) - ThinkPad T40, T40p, T41, T41p, T42, T42p (Note) *1: Machine Type 2883, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2894 and 2895 of ThinkPad R51 family are not supported. For those machine types, please get the package for them. The supported operating systems are as follows: - Windows 98(*2) - Windows 98 Second Edition(*2)(*3) - Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 6a or later(*2) - Windows 2000 - Windows XP (Home Edition and Professional) (Note) *2: ThinkPad R50, R50p, R51 are not supported. *3: Before using the ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility with Windows 98 Second Edition, IBM recommends that you apply the Windows 98 Second Edition Shutdown Supplement from the Microsoft Web Site Knowledge Base Article ID Q239887. To determine if you should update the BIOS, refer to the Summary of Changes section. To update the BIOS, refer to the Updating BIOS section. Released Versions ----------------- Where: BIOS version (BIOS internal ID) Description 1.02 (1RET31WW/27 Feb 2003) Initial Release for ThinkPad T40 and T40p 1.03 (1RET32WW/04 Mar 2003) A new function and problem fixes 1.04 (1RET33WW/08 Apr 2003) A new function and problem fixes 1.05 (1RET34WW/19 May 2003) A problem fix 1.07 (1RET36WW/30 Jun 2003) A function enhancement and problem fixes 2.00b(1RET68WW/24 Jul 2003) Support for a new adapter 2.02 (1RET73WW/21 Aug 2003) A problem fix 2.06 (1RET79WW/16 Sep 2003) Support for ThinkPad T41/R50 and a function enhancement 2.10 (1RET83WW/10 Oct 2003) Support for ThinkPad T41p/R50p and problem fixes 2.11 (1RET84WW/30 Oct 2003) A problem fix 2.13 (1RET86WW/08 Jan 2004) Copyright string change 3.00 (1RETB7WW/26 Feb 2004) Support for ThinkPad R51(*1) and new functions 3.02a(1RETC0WW/24 Mar 2004) Problem fixes 3.03 (1RETC2WW/07 Apr 2004) Problem fixes 3.04a(1RETC4WW/22 Apr 2004) Support for ThinkPad T42/T42p 3.05a(1RETC6WW/14 May 2004) Support for a new Video memory 3.06f(1RETCDWW/18 Jun 2004) Support for ThinkPad R51 new models and new functions 3.08a(1RETD4WW/05 Aug 2004) Support for ThinkPad T42 new models, new functions and problem fixes 3.09f(1RETDBWW/16 Sep 2004) A problem fix 3.10b(1RETDEWW/01 Oct 2004) Support for ThinkPad T42 new models, function enhancements and problem fixes. 3.11 (1RETDFWW/13 Oct 2004) Problem fixes 3.12 (1RETDGWW/18 Oct 2004) New chip support 3.13 (1RETDHWW/29 Oct 2004) A problem fix 3.14 (1RETDIWW/20 Jan 2005) Problem fixes 3.15 (1RETDJWW/29 Mar 2005) A problem fix 3.16 (1RETDKWW/19 Apr 2005) A new function and problem fixes 3.17 (1RETDLWW/27 Jul 2005) A new function and problem fixes Summary of Changes ------------------ Where: x.xx : BIOS version bbbbbbbb : BIOS internal ID which is for administrator purpose. (New) New Function or Enhancement (Fix) Correction to existing function <1.02 (1RET31WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (New) Support for ThinkPad T40, T40p. <1.03 (1RET32WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (New) Support F11 key as it works as Access IBM button when Access IBM Predesktop Area exists. - (Fix) Fix hang up of Suspend and Hibernation in Windows 98 when HDD activity is pending. - (Fix) Change processor family value in SMBIOS for Intel Pentium M processor. <1.04 (1RET33WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (New) Function to disable the option ROM of internal Ethernet adapter card, in order to expand usable memory area by DOS. (This can be done by disabling the Internal Network Option ROM option under Config and Network in IBM BIOS Setup Utility.) - (Fix) (DOS) The screen becomes blank or white when Korean DOS environment starts up (by loading mshbios.com). - (Fix) Screen expansion (HV expansion) is always enabled if a power- on password or hard disk password is set. - (Fix) Some of Item Specific Help messages in IBM BIOS Setup Utility are incorrect. <1.05 (1RET34WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (Fix) Fix for SMBIOS maximum memory module information. <1.07 (1RET36WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (New) IBM Predesktop Area functionality update. - (Fix) IRQ setting in Dock cardbus controller. - (Fix) A hard disk password prompt for a second one (with password) which is hot swapped into a Windows 2000 or XP system comes up at system reboot. Note: A hard disk password should be entered at resume time from suspend after hot swapped into above systems. - (Fix) Fix for the problem of BIOS or Embedded Controller Program update by RDM. - (Fix) BIOS reports a memory map data area conflict due to BIOS requesting the same address space twice. - (Fix) Cardbus memory area conflict with 2GB system memory. - (Fix) POST error handling when unsupported daughter card exists. - (Fix) POST hang up when some of 2 USB devices are connected. - (Fix) (Windows XP) Some multi-function type of CardBus cards may not work after resuming normal operation from standby mode. - (Fix) Boot priority for the network boot does not become to the default setting, if an F9 key is pressed twice in IBM BIOS Setup Utility. - (Fix) IBM Predesktop Area setting was not copied by the Remote CMOS Update utility. - (Fix) Fix for early stepping of Intel(R) 855PM. <2.00b (1RET68WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (New) Support IBM 802.11a/b/g Wireless LAN Mini PCI Adapter. - Due to Passphrase Feature, Pressing F1 key needs to enter a master hard disk password (HDP). (Press F1 key then enter master HDP at the prompt) <2.02 (1RET73WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 1.02. - (Fix) Thermal sensing improvement for Intel(R) 855PM. <2.06 (1RET79WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 2.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad R50 and T41. (Note) Refer to the Restrictions section. - (New) (Windows XP, Windows 2000) Enhancement on password security function. <2.10 (1RET83WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad R50p and T41p. (Note) Refer to the Restrictions section. - (Fix) Internal Network Option ROM setting was not restored by Setup Automation Tool. - (Fix) (DOS) Character font on the screen may be corrupted after the system resumes normal operation from suspend mode. <2.11 (1RET84WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (Fix) (DOS) The system may have garbage screen after the system resumes normal operation from suspend mode. <2.13 (1RET86WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - Copyright string change for year 2004. <3.00 (1RETB7WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad R51(*1). - (New) Support for IBM Rescue and Recovery. - (New) Support for user-customized model number (for administrative purpose). - (New) Expand boot submenu (see "Startup Menu section" below) - (New) Support for new Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG Mini-PCI Adapter from IBM. - Change display switching way (see the section, "Switching external display", noted bellow.) <3.02a (1RETC0WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (Fix) Adjust for ATI MOBILITY FIREGL 9000 memory clock setting. - (Fix) USB mass storage set by Startup menu of IBM BIOS Setup may not be booted on some Operating Systems other than Windows and DOS. - (Fix) Some devices previously set by Startup menu of IBM BIOS Setup Utility are excluded when the BIOS is updated. <3.03 (1RETC2WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (Fix) Fix screen corruption problem on ATI MOBILITY FIREGL T2 SXGA+ panel system. <3.04a (1RETC4WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad T42/T42p. - (New) Support for Intel Pentium M processor. - (Fix) Bootable CD may be booted slowly. <3.05 (1RETC6WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03. - (New) Support for ATI MOBILITY 9000 new Video memory. <3.06f (1RETCDWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.02 or 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad R51 new models. - (New) "Timer Wake with Battery Operation" option is added in "Power" of IBM BIOS Setup Utility. If this option is disabled (default setting), timer hibernation function does not work in suspend mode. - (New) "Require password after hibernate" option is added in "Password" of "Security" of IBM BIOS Setup Utility. <3.08a (1RETD4WW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad T42 new models. - (New) Internal Network device enable/disable function is added in IBM BIOS Setup Utility. - (New) Internal Wireless device enable/disable function is added in IBM BIOS Setup Utility. - (Fix) The system hangs when booted from the 2nd FDD in boot order. - (Fix) (Linux) Hibernation function does not work correctly under the partition environment created by lphdisk. - (Fix) Some words are incorrect in IBM BIOS SETUP Utility. - (Fix) The memory data will be corrupted if timer resume is aborted when "Timer Wake with Battery Operation" option in IBM BIOS Setup Utility is disabled. <3.09f (1RETDBWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.03. - (Fix) System hang may occur when password is entered in wake up from hibernation if power on password is set and if "Require password after hibernate" option in IBM BIOS Setup Utility is enabled. <3.10b (1RETDEWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.03. - (New) Support for ThinkPad T42 new models. - (New) Update Intel Centrino Logo. - (New) Update EDID to meet Rev.1.3 - (Fix) System may shutdown at password is prompted without waiting 1 minutes in wake up from hibernation if power on password is set and if "Require password after hibernate" option in IBM BIOS Setup Utility is enabled. - (Fix) CSS authentication fails after resume from suspend. This problem occurs if hibernation timer in WindowsXP is set and the timer is expired but suspend to hibernation is failed because "Timer Wake with Battery Operation" option in IBM BIOS Setup Utility is disabled. <3.11 (1RETDFWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.03. - (Fix) Old version of 11a/b/g wireless LAN Mini-PCI adapter driver (Version 2.4.1.7 or elders) does not work with BIOS 3.08a (1RETD4WW) <3.12 (1RETDGWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.03. - (---) Support for a new revision of power management chip on board. <3.13 (1RETDHWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). - (Fix) The clock frequency (speed) of CPU is not set to the highest speed in battery mode even if "Intel(R) SpeedStep technology" option of "Power" of "Config" in the "IBM BIOS Setup Utility" menu is set to Enabled and its "Mode for Battery" option is set to "Maximum Performance". <3.14 (1RETDIWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). - (Fix) Improvement of Integrated Fingerprint Reader. NOTE: Because of this fix, you need to re-install the finger print password after BIOS update. The previous password can be installed. This is only once required for Fingerprint system after BIOS update. - (Fix) The system hangs while OS/2 is booted up if video expansion mode is enabled. - (Fix) Once Access IBM starts with using Access IBM button and then is closed, it is freely launched after resuming from hibernation mode. <3.15 (1RETDJWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). - (New) CPU Micro Code Update - (Fix) Correct wrong message when POST Diagnostics Boot. <3.16 (1RETDKWW)> NOTE: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). - (New) A new BIOS setup menu item to initialize Finger Print data. - (Fix) Improvement of Integrated Fingerprint Reader. - (Fix) If a Supervisor Password prompt appears when the BIOS is updated and a correct password is input at the third time, the password is not accepted. <3.17 (1RETDLWW)> Note: This BIOS version will only work with Embedded Controller Program Version 3.04 (or higher). - (New) Enhancement of the security function on power-on: When the hard disk password is set, regardless of other passwords settings, Wake On Lan from power off state does not work. - (Fix) Changed the Finger Senser default timeout value from 13 seconds to 40 seconds. - (Fix) Fix the re-enumeration started after restart from low battery suspend in the BIOS setup. Updating BIOS ------------- Notes: - Remove the Power-on password prior to updating the BIOS in RDM (Remote Deployment Manager) environment or similar environment. - You need an AC adapter and a charged battery pack to update the BIOS. - If your computer is attached to any kind of docking station or port replicator, turn off the computer and detach it before proceeding. - If a USB Diskette Drive is attached to your computer, turn off the computer and detach it before proceeding. 1. Print these instructions or display on another computer. 2. Firmly connect the AC adapter to the computer. 3. Start Windows 98 or start Windows NT 4.0/2000/XP and logon with administrative privileges on the target computer. 4. Extract this package onto the hard disk drive. 5. Click the Start button, then click Run. 6. Specify the file name with the full path name where you extracted the package. (e.g. C:\Temp\1RUJ31US.EXE) and then click OK. NOTE: For unattended update, specify the file name with options "-s -a -s". (e.g. C:\Temp\1RUJ31US.EXE -s -a -s) The BIOS is updated without any user interaction. 7. Follow the instructions on the screen. Depending on the operating system configuration, restarting the operating system and rerunning this BIOS update utility may be required. In this case, the following message will appear. "DeviceIoControl() returns 2 Please restart your operating system and execute the BIOS or Embedded Controller update utility again." Windows will shut down automatically and ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility screen appears. 8. Select Read this first from the menu and carefully read the information that appears. 9. Press the Esc key to return to the menu. 10. Select Update system program and follow the instruction on the screen. Warning: Do not turn off or suspend the computer until the update has been completed. IF YOU TURN OFF OR SUSPEND THE COMPUTER WHILE THE UPDATE IS STILL IN PROGRESS, THE SYSTEM BOARD MAY HAVE TO BE REPLACED. After the update has been completed, the system is automatically turned off. Do the following to make sure the BIOS is updated correctly. 11. Turn on the computer. 12. While the "To interrupt normal startup, press the blue Access IBM button" message is displayed at the lower-left area of the screen, press the Access IBM button. 13. Double-click Start setup utility. The IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu will be displayed. If a password prompt appears, type the correct password. 14. Verify the BIOS Version. 15. Turn off the computer. Initializing BIOS ----------------- In some cases, it may be a good idea to try BIOS initialization when you have some troubles. To initialize the BIOS setups: 1. Turn off the computer. 2. Turn on the computer. 3. While the "To interrupt normal startup, press the blue Access IBM button" message is displayed at the lower-left area of the screen, press the Access IBM button. 4. Double-click Start setup utility. The IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu will be displayed. If you have set a supervisor password, the IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu appears after you enters the password. 5. Press the F9 key to load default configuration. 6. Select Yes. 7. Press the F10 key to save default configuration and exit. 8. Select Yes. After the initialization has been completed, the system restarts automatically. Note: After initialization you may need to re-apply some settings that you had changed previously. BIOS Information ---------------- Each version of the ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility contains the following BIOS. Also the supported versions of Embedded Controller Program are shown bellow. The versions of BIOS and Embedded Controller Program can be viewed by entering IBM BIOS Setup Utility. BIOS Version Embedded Controller (Internal ID) Program Version ---------------- ------------------------------- 1.02 (1RET31WW) 1.02 1.03 (1RET32WW) 1.02 1.04 (1RET33WW) 1.02 1.05 (1RET34WW) 1.02 1.07 (1RET36WW) 1.02 2.00b (1RET68WW) 1.02 2.02 (1RET73WW) 1.02 2.06 (1RET79WW) 2.03 2.10 (1RET83WW) 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 2.11 (1RET84WW) 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 2.13 (1RET86WW) 2.04, 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.00 (1RETB7WW) 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.02a (1RETC0WW) 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.03 (1RETC2WW) 3.00, 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.04a (1RETC4WW) 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.05a (1RETC6WW) 3.01a, 3.02 or 3.03 3.06f (1RETCDWW) 3.02 or 3.03 3.08a (1RETD4WW) 3.03 3.09f (1RETDBWW) 3.03 3.10b (1RETDEWW) 3.03 3.11 (1RETDFWW) 3.03 3.12 (1RETDGWW) 3.03 3.13 (1RETDHWW) 3.04 (or higher) 3.14 (1RETDIWW) 3.04 (or higher) 3.15 (1RETDJWW) 3.04 (or higher) 3.16 (1RETDKWW) 3.04 (or higher) 3.17 (1RETDLWW) 3.04 (or higher) To enter the IBM BIOS Setup Utility: 1. Turn off the computer. 2. Turn on the computer. 3. While the "To interrupt normal startup, press the blue Access IBM button" message is displayed at the lower-left area of the screen, press the Access IBM button. 4. Double-click Start setup utility. The IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu will be displayed. If a password prompt appears, type the correct password. 5. Check BIOS Version and Embedded Controller Version. 6. Turn off the computer. Memory Map Information ---------------------- Reserved Area: The following conventional memory addresses are reserved by the system program (BIOS) and others. C0000-CFFFF : Reserved for Video BIOS D0000-D3FFF : Reserved for Option ROM of Ethernet (*1) DC000-DFFFF : Reserved for USB BIOS (*2) E0000-FFFFF : Reserved for System BIOS Notes: *1: This area becomes free by disabling the Internal Network Option ROM option under Config and Network in IBM BIOS Setup Utility. This choice will disable PXE and WOL features. *2: This area becomes free by disabling the USB BIOS Support option under Config and USB in the IBM BIOS Setup Utility. This choice does not affect using USB devices in Windows operating systems. Usable Area: The following memory address can be used by the memory manager such as EMM386. D4000-DBFFF Note: Certain addresses in this area will be reserved for CardBus Controllers or others by Operating Systems. The addresses vary and depend on the design of each Operating System. Startup Menu ------------ Please check the order specified in the Boot and/or Network submenu. You may need to change the startup sequence of your computer. For example, if you have different operating systems on different devices, you can have the system start up from one of them. WARNING: After you change your startup sequence, you must be extremely careful not to specify a wrong device during a copy, a save, or a format operation. If you specify a wrong device, your data and programs might be erased or overwritten. - Changing the startup sequence Note: To change the startup sequence temporarily so that the system starts up from a different drive, do the following. When the message, "To interrupt normal startup, press the blue Access IBM button," appears at lower left on the screen, press F12. To change the startup sequence, do the following: 1. Click Boot or Network; then press Enter. 2. The Boot submenu sets the startup sequence when you turn the power switch on. Refer to "Boot submenu." 3. Select the device you want to start first. 4. Use these keys to set the order that the BIOS will use when starting an operating system: F6/F5: Move the device up or down. x: Exclude or include the device to boot. 1: Load the default boot sequence. 5. Press F10 to save the changes and restart the system. - The Boot submenu Notes: - On your computer, the items listed in the submenu may be different from those shown in the example listing here. Your list shows the devices that are attached to your computer. - Each device type in the list above is always shown whether or not it is installed or attached. If a device is attached, the actual device information will be shown to the right of the device type. - ATAPI CD0 refers to an optical drive installed in the UltraBay Slim/Enhanced bay. - IDE HDD0 refers to the primary hard disk drive. - IDE HDD1 refers to a second hard disk drive installed in the UltraBay Slim/Enhanced. - PM : Primary Master - SM : Secondary Master Example listing: Boot priority order: <-- Startup devices candidate group 1: USB FDD: 2: ATAPI CD0: 3: USB CD: 4: IDE HDD0: 5: PCI LAN: 6: USB HDD: 7: IDE HDD1: Excluded from boot order: <-- Not to be startup devices group. : IDE HDD2: : ATAPI CD1: Priority for booting USB devices If you attach two or more USB devices of the same type to the computer (for example, two USB CD-ROM drives or two USB diskette drives), the computer starts the devices in accordance with the boot priority order specified for the USB connectors. If you are attaching your computer to a ThinkPad Dock II or a ThinkPad Mini Dock, the boot priority order for the USB connectors is as follows: 1. USB connector1 on the ThinkPad Dock II or the ThinkPad Mini Dock 2. USB connector2 on the ThinkPad Dock II or the ThinkPad Mini Dock 3. USB connector3 on the ThinkPad Dock II or the ThinkPad Mini Dock 4. USB connector4 on the ThinkPad Dock II or the ThinkPad Mini Dock 5. Lower USB connector on the ThinkPad computer 6. Upper USB connector on the ThinkPad computer If you are attaching your computer to a ThinkPad Port Replicator II, the order is as follows: 1. USB connector on the ThinkPad Port Replicator II 2. Lower USB connector on the ThinkPad computer 3. Upper USB connector on the ThinkPad computer If you are using USB connectors on your computer only, without attaching the computer to a ThinkPad Dock II, a ThinkPad Mini Dock, or a ThinkPad Port Replicator II, the order is as follows: 1. Lower USB connector on the ThinkPad computer 2. Upper USB connector on the ThinkPad computer Switching external display -------------------------- From version 3.0, BIOS video controller changed switching interface between LCD and external monitor. Before version 3.0, screen resolutions on both the LCD and external monitor could be set separately while the display output is switched between the LCD and external monitor. From version 3.0 and higher, both the screen resolutions are to be fixed for a display device with larger screen resolutions. So if the external monitor has a larger screen resolution than the LCD has and when display output is switched to the LCD, the LCD will have the extended desktop screen. Restrictions ------------ (For ThinkPad T41, T41p, T42 and T42p) Passwords can be set with passphrase feature, however, that supports Windows 2000 and Windows XP only. Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0 and OS/2 are not supported. Trademarks ---------- * ThinkPad is a registered trademark of Lenovo in the United States. * IBM and OS/2 are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. * Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. * Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other company, product, and service names may be registered trademarks, trademarks or service marks of others.